Mediterranean Diet: its Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits in Chronic Disease Prevention

Abstract

The Mediterranean diet (MD), as a scientifically proven healthy eating pattern, originated in the Mediterranean region and is gradually respected globally. In recent years, a large number of studies have confirmed its remarkable effect in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. However, there is still a certain research gap in the specific nutritional composition of the MD and its comprehensive understanding of health. Additionally, the widespread adoption of the MD faces challenges, including cultural differences and the adaptation of dietary habits. This article reviews the analysis of the major food groups and nutrients in the MD, exploring its health benefits in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, management of type 2 diabetes and obesity, as well as cancer prevention. Through comprehensive existing research, this article reveals the scientific evidence of the MD to benefit health. The results of the research provide a scientific basis for promoting the MD, and provide direction for further studying the mechanism of the MD prevention disease in the future.