Adolescents’ Hormone Level and Circadian Rhythm: A Literature Review

Abstract

Adolescence is characterized by complicated hormonal and neural interactions, particularly within circadian rhythms. The roles of melatonin, growth hormone, and cortisol in shaping adolescent circadian rhythms are clarified, as well as their implications for physical and mental health. Circadian rhythm disorders (CRDs), including delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), are prevalent in adolescents. Hormonal imbalances exacerbate sleep disturbances. Building upon previous studies, this literature review explores the specific contributions of these hormones to sleep patterns, circadian regulation, and the development of CRDs, with a focus on DSPD. The objectives include examining melatonin’s distinct role beyond sleep-wake cycles, illuminating the correlation between growth hormone and cortisol secretion patterns and sleep behaviours, and exploring interventions for DSPD in adolescents. Through an examination of the correlation between hormonal systems and circadian rhythm, the author offers novel perspectives on the physiological and behavioural factors underlying adolescent sleep disturbances. This understanding is crucial for tackling the challenges associated with circadian rhythm and fostering optimal health and well-being during such a pivotal developmental stage.