Ozone layer depletion, causes, impacts, global response strategies
Abstract
The ozone layer, a crucial component of Earth’s stratosphere, plays an essential role in shielding the planet from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly UV-B and UV-C rays. This protective layer prevents increased incidences of skin cancer, cataracts, and adverse effects on ecosystems and agriculture. The significance of the ozone layer prompted global action to combat its depletion, notably with the adoption of the Montreal Protocol in 1987, a landmark treaty designed to phase out ozone-depleting substances (ODS) such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). This paper explores the formation, function, and ongoing challenges associated with the ozone layer, including the impact of human activities, industrial practices, and natural phenomena on its depletion. It examines the successes and limitations of international policies, particularly the Montreal Protocol, and discusses the role of technological innovation and global cooperation in mitigating environmental damage. Despite notable progress, the presence of residual ODS and the rise of new issues like climate change and greenhouse gases such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) complicate efforts for full recovery. The paper emphasizes the need for continued global commitment, public education, and research to ensure the ozone layer’s protection and highlights the importance of sustained environmental stewardship in addressing both ozone depletion and climate change.
