In the context of global climate change, the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events not only threatens natural ecology and infrastructure, but also quietly poses a serious challenge to human mental health. This paper aims to explore how extreme weather (such as heavy rain, flood, heat wave, drought) exacerbates chemical pollution and further affects human mental health from a chemical perspective, and put forward corresponding mitigation strategies. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, we found that extreme weather events promote the diffusion and accumulation of chemical pollutants, which in turn affect human health through air, water and food chains, increasing psychological stress and disease risk. The significance of this study is to reveal the complex relationship between extreme weather, chemical pollution and mental health, and provide scientific basis for formulating effective coping strategies.