The Einstein-de Sitter universe, proposed in 1932, presents a flat, matter-only cosmological model that offers insights into the galaxies’ formation and evolution. This model simplifies the understanding of galaxy dynamics by distinguishing between gravitationally bound and unbound systems. Key processes influencing galaxy evolution include the gravitational collapse of dark matter, mergers, and interactions that dictate structure and star formation. Advanced observational techniques, such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope, alongside sophisticated simulations, have deepened our understanding of cosmic history and the intricate processes of galaxy formation. Despite its simplicity, the model does not incorporate dark energy or complexities of matter distribution, necessitating ongoing research to refine our understanding of the universe.
