Asteroid metal mining represents a cutting-edge frontier in space exploration, with Near-Earth asteroids rich in metallic minerals, including nickel, iron, cobalt, and platinum-group elements. Harnessing these extraterrestrial resources holds the potential to mitigate the depletion of Earth’s metal reserves. This review examines the latest advancements in asteroid mining technologies, including techniques such as controlled blasting, precision drilling, and laser-based extraction, alongside post-mining processing methods like conventional separation and refinement, as well as innovative approaches such as space-based bio-mining. Covering the entire spectrum from resource exploration and extraction to refining, these technologies remain at the developmental stage, facing substantial costs and technical hurdles. However, as the space economy continues to expand, asteroid metal mining is poised to emerge as a key sector, driving synergy between space exploration and terrestrial economic growth. This paper evaluates these approaches by analyzing their technical strengths, limitations, and evolving industry trends.
