With the increasing depletion of fossil fuels, the limitations on nuclear energy development, and the implementation of increasingly stringent environmental laws and regulations, the utilization of clean energy and the development of new energy vehicles have become crucial industries. Harmonic suppression in inverters is a key area of current research. This paper covers several Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques, including single-pulse modulation, Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM), Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM (SHEPWM), harmonic injection SPWM, Space Vector PWM (SVPWM), Multi-carrier PWM, and Harmonic Optimal PWM (HOPWM). Through analysis of their fundamental principles and comparing harmonic suppression performance, the advantages and disadvantages of each modulation technique are identified, and their effectiveness in harmonic suppression is discussed. The research found that for different PWM modulation methods, the harmonic suppression effects vary greatly, SHEPWM, harmonic injection PWM, Multi-carrier PWM, and SVPWM enjoy a better performance. Based on these analyses, the future research prospects for harmonic suppression in PWM modulation are explored.
